Two-Year Follow-Up of Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease Patients in a Specialized Center in Brazil. / Acompanhamento de Dois Anos de Pacientes com Cardiopatia Isquêmica Crônica em um Centro Especializado no Brasil.

The incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD) may vary significantly among countries. Although populous, Brazil is often underrepresented in international records. This study aimed to describe the quality of care and the two-year incidence of cardiovascular events and associated prognostic factors in CIHD patients in a tertiary public health care center in Brazil. Patients with CIHD who reported for clinical evaluation at Instituto do Coração (São Paulo, Brazil) were registered and followed for two years. The primary endpoint was a composite of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or death. A significance level of 0.05 was adopted. From January 2016 to December 2018, 625 participants were included in the study. Baseline characteristics show that 33.1% were women, median age 66.1 [59.6 - 71.9], 48.6% had diabetes, 83.1% had hypertension, 62.6% had previous MI, and 70.4% went through some revascularization procedure. At a median follow-up (FU) of 881 days, we noted 37 (7.05%) primary endpoints. After adjustments, age, previous stroke, and LDL-cholesterol were independently associated with the primary endpoint. Comparing baseline versus FU, participants experienced relief of angina based on the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) scale according to the following percentages: 65.7% vs. 81.7% were asymptomatic and 4.2% vs. 2.9% CCS 3 or 4 (p < 0.001). They also experienced better quality of medication prescription: 65.8% vs. 73.6% (p < 0.001). However, there was no improvement in LDL-cholesterol or blood pressure control. This study shows that CIHD patients had a two-year incidence of the primary composite endpoint of 7.05%, and the reduction of LDL-cholesterol was the only modifiable risk factor associated with prognosis.

A incidência de eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes com doença cardíaca isquêmica crônica (DCIC) pode variar significativamente entre os países. Embora populoso, o Brasil é frequentemente sub-representado nos registros internacionais. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a qualidade do atendimento e a incidência de eventos cardiovasculares em dois anos, além de fatores prognósticos associados em pacientes com DCIC em um centro terciário de saúde pública no Brasil. Pacientes com DCIC que compareceram para avaliação clínica no Instituto do Coração (São Paulo, Brasil) foram cadastrados e acompanhados por dois anos. O desfecho primário foi um composto de infarto do miocárdio (IM), acidente vascular encefálico ou morte. Um nível de significância de 0,05 foi adotado. De janeiro de 2016 a dezembro de 2018, 625 participantes foram incluídos no estudo. As características basais mostram que 33,1% eram mulheres, a idade mediana era de 66,1 [59,6 ­ 71,9], 48,6% tinham diabetes, 83,1% tinham hipertensão, 62,6% tinham IM prévio e 70,4% passaram por algum procedimento de revascularização. Em um acompanhamento mediano de 881 dias, 37 (7,05%) desfechos primários foram observados. Após ajustes, idade, acidente vascular encefálico prévio e colesterol LDL foram independentemente associados ao desfecho primário. Comparando a linha de base com o acompanhamento, os participantes relataram alívio da angina com base na escala da Sociedade Cardiovascular Canadense (SCC) de acordo com as seguintes porcentagens: 65,7% vs. 81,7% eram assintomáticos e 4,2% vs. 2,9% eram SCC 3 ou 4 (p < 0,001). Eles também relataram melhor qualidade na prescrição de medicamentos: 65,8% vs. 73,6% (p < 0,001). No entanto, não houve melhora no colesterol LDL ou no controle da pressão arterial. O presente estudo mostra que pacientes com DCIC apresentaram uma incidência de 7,05% do desfecho primário composto em um período de dois anos, sendo a diminuição do colesterol LDL o único fator de risco modificável associado ao prognóstico.

Cardiac Troponin I in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous and Surgical Myocardial Revascularization: Comparison of Analytical Methods.

The myocardial infarction (MI) types 4a and 5 guidelines recommend cardiac troponin (cTn) diagnostic decision limits of 5 and 10 times the 99th percentile, respectively. Different cTn kits elicit different responses, so the MI diagnosis is still challenging. The study aimed to establish the cutoff values and the accuracy of three different cTnI kits in the diagnosis of post-procedural MI. We analyzed 115 patients with multivessel stable chronic coronary artery disease; 26 underwent percutaneous coronary intervention, and 89 underwent coronary artery bypass graft. Delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after each intervention for definitive MI diagnoses. Two contemporary and one high-sensitivity cTnI immunoassays were used. ROC curves determined the accuracy of each assay. Low accuracy was observed after applying the current guidelines recommendations. The three cTnI assays accuracies improved when adjusted by the new ROC cutoffs, reaching 82% for MI type 5 for all assays, and 78%, 88%, and 87% for MI type 4 for Siemens, Beckman, and Abbott, respectively. The ultrasensitive and contemporary tests' accuracy for MI types 4a and 5 diagnoses are equivalent when adjusted for these new cutoffs. The hs-cTnI assays had lower accuracy than contemporary tests for MI types 4a and 5 diagnoses.

Acompanhamento de Dois Anos de Pacientes com Cardiopatia Isquêmica Crônica em um Centro Especializado no Brasil / Two-Year Follow-Up of Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease Patients in a Specialized Center in Brazil

Resumo Fundamento A incidência de eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes com doença cardíaca isquêmica crônica (DCIC) pode variar significativamente entre os países. Embora populoso, o Brasil é frequentemente sub-representado nos registros internacionais. Objetivos Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a qualidade do atendimento e a incidência de eventos cardiovasculares em dois anos, além de fatores prognósticos associados em pacientes com DCIC em um centro terciário de saúde pública no Brasil. Métodos Pacientes com DCIC que compareceram para avaliação clínica no Instituto do Coração (São Paulo, Brasil) foram cadastrados e acompanhados por dois anos. O desfecho primário foi um composto de infarto do miocárdio (IM), acidente vascular encefálico ou morte. Um nível de significância de 0,05 foi adotado. Resultados De janeiro de 2016 a dezembro de 2018, 625 participantes foram incluídos no estudo. As características basais mostram que 33,1% eram mulheres, a idade mediana era de 66,1 [59,6 - 71,9], 48,6% tinham diabetes, 83,1% tinham hipertensão, 62,6% tinham IM prévio e 70,4% passaram por algum procedimento de revascularização. Em um acompanhamento mediano de 881 dias, 37 (7,05%) desfechos primários foram observados. Após ajustes, idade, acidente vascular encefálico prévio e colesterol LDL foram independentemente associados ao desfecho primário. Comparando a linha de base com o acompanhamento, os participantes relataram alívio da angina com base na escala da Sociedade Cardiovascular Canadense (SCC) de acordo com as seguintes porcentagens: 65,7% vs. 81,7% eram assintomáticos e 4,2% vs. 2,9% eram SCC 3 ou 4 (p < 0,001). Eles também relataram melhor qualidade na prescrição de medicamentos: 65,8% vs. 73,6% (p < 0,001). No entanto, não houve melhora no colesterol LDL ou no controle da pressão arterial. Conclusão O presente estudo mostra que pacientes com DCIC apresentaram uma incidência de 7,05% do desfecho primário composto em um período de dois anos, sendo a diminuição do colesterol LDL o único fator de risco modificável associado ao prognóstico.

Abstract Background The incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD) may vary significantly among countries. Although populous, Brazil is often underrepresented in international records. Objectives This study aimed to describe the quality of care and the two-year incidence of cardiovascular events and associated prognostic factors in CIHD patients in a tertiary public health care center in Brazil. Methods Patients with CIHD who reported for clinical evaluation at Instituto do Coração (São Paulo, Brazil) were registered and followed for two years. The primary endpoint was a composite of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or death. A significance level of 0.05 was adopted. Results From January 2016 to December 2018, 625 participants were included in the study. Baseline characteristics show that 33.1% were women, median age 66.1 [59.6 - 71.9], 48.6% had diabetes, 83.1% had hypertension, 62.6% had previous MI, and 70.4% went through some revascularization procedure. At a median follow-up (FU) of 881 days, we noted 37 (7.05%) primary endpoints. After adjustments, age, previous stroke, and LDL-cholesterol were independently associated with the primary endpoint. Comparing baseline versus FU, participants experienced relief of angina based on the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) scale according to the following percentages: 65.7% vs. 81.7% were asymptomatic and 4.2% vs. 2.9% CCS 3 or 4 (p < 0.001). They also experienced better quality of medication prescription: 65.8% vs. 73.6% (p < 0.001). However, there was no improvement in LDL-cholesterol or blood pressure control. Conclusion This study shows that CIHD patients had a two-year incidence of the primary composite endpoint of 7.05%, and the reduction of LDL-cholesterol was the only modifiable risk factor associated with prognosis.

Higher incidence of death in multi-vessel coronary artery disease patients associated with polymorphisms in chromosome 9p21.

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether 9p21 polymorphisms are associated with cardiovascular events in a group of 611 patients enrolled in the Medical, Angioplasty or Surgery Study II (MASS II), a randomized trial comparing treatments for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and preserved left ventricular function. METHODS: The participants of the MASS II were genotyped for 9p21 polymorphisms (rs10757274, rs2383206, rs10757278 and rs1333049). Survival curves were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank statistic. We assessed the relationship between baseline variables and the composite end-point of death, death from cardiac causes and myocardial infarction using a Cox proportional hazards survival model. RESULTS: We observed significant differences between patients within each polymorphism genotype group for baseline characteristics. The frequency of diabetes was lower in patients carrying GG genotype for rs10757274, rs2383206 and rs10757278 (29.4%, 32.8%, 32.0%) compared to patients carrying AA or AG genotypes (49.1% and 39.2%, p = 0.01; 52.4% and 40.1%, p = 0.01; 47.8% and 37.9%, p = 0.04; respectively). Significant differences in genotype frequencies between double and triple vessel disease patients were observed for the rs10757274, rs10757278 and rs1333049. Finally, there was a higher incidence of overall mortality in patients with the GG genotype for rs2383206 compared to patients with AA and AG genotypes (19.5%, 11.9%, 11.0%, respectively; p = 0.04). Moreover, the rs2383206 was still significantly associated with a 1.75-fold increased risk of overall mortality (p = 0.02) even after adjustment of a Cox multivariate model for age, previous myocardial infarction, diabetes, smoking and type of coronary anatomy. CONCLUSIONS: Our data are in accordance to previous evidence that chromosome 9p21 genetic variation may constitute a genetic modulator in the cardiovascular system in different scenarios. In patients with established CAD, we observed an association between the rs2383206 and higher incidence of overall mortality and death from cardiac causes in patients with multi-vessel CAD.

Avaliação prognóstica da doença coronária estável através de um novo escore / New prognostic score for stable coronary disease evaluation / Evaluación pronóstica de la enfermedad coronaria estable a través de un nuevo score

FUNDAMENTO: A necessidade de melhorar a acurácia do teste de esforço, determinou o desenvolvimento de escores, cuja aplicabilidade já foi amplamente reconhecida. OBJETIVO: Avaliação prognóstica do coronariopata estável através de um novo escore simplificado. MÉTODOS: Um novo escore foi aplicado em 372 coronariopatas multiarteriais e função ventricular preservada, 71,8 por cento homens, idade média 59,5 (± 9,07) anos, randomizados para angioplastia, revascularização cirúrgica e tratamento clínico, acompanhados por 5 anos. Óbito cardiovascular foi o desfecho primário. Infarto do miocárdio não-fatal, óbito e re-intervenção formaram o desfecho combinado secundário. O escore baseou-se numa equação previamente validada resultante da soma de 1 ponto para: sexo masculino, história de infarto, angina, diabete, uso de insulina e ainda 1 ponto para cada década de vida a partir dos 40 anos. Teste positivo adicionou 1 ponto. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 36 óbitos (10 no grupo angioplastia, 15 no grupo revascularização e 11 no grupo clínico), p = 0,61. Observou-se 93 eventos combinados: 37 no grupo angioplastia, 23 no grupo revascularização e 33 no grupo clínico (p = 0,058). 247 pacientes apresentaram escore clínico > 5 pontos e 216 > 6 pontos. O valor de corte > 5 ou > 6 pontos identificou maior risco, com p = 0,015 e p = 0,012, respectivamente. A curva de sobrevida mostrou uma incidência de óbito após a randomização diferente naqueles com escore > 6 pontos (p = 0,07), e uma incidência de eventos combinados diferente entre pacientes com escore < 6 e > 6 pontos (p = 0,02). CONCLUSÃO: O novo escore demonstrou consistência na avaliação prognóstica do coronariopata estável multiarterial.

BACKGROUND: The need to improve the exercise testing accuracy, pushed the development of scores, whose applicability was already broadly recognized. OBJECTIVE: Prognostic evaluation of stable coronary disease through a new simplified score. METHODS: A new score was applied in 372 multivessel coronary patients with preserved ventricular function, 71.8 percent male, age: 59.5 (± 9.07) years old, randomized to medical treatment, surgery (CABG) or angioplasty (PTCA), with 5 years of follow-up. Cardiovascular death was considered the primary endpoint. Non-fatal myocardial infarction, death and re-intervention were considered for a combined secondary endpoint. The score was based on an equation previously validated, resulting from a sum of one point for: male gender, infarction history, angina, diabetes, insulin use and one point for each decade of life after 40 years old. Positive exercise testing summed one additional point. RESULTS: Thirty six deaths was observed (10 in group PTCA, 15 in CABG and 11 in the clinical group), p = 0.61. We observed 93 combined events: 37 in PTCA group, 23 in CABG and 33 in the clinical group (p = 0.058). 247 patients presented clinical score > 5 points and 216 > 6 points. The cutoff point > 5 or > 6 points identified higher risk, p = 0.015 and p = 0.012, respectively. The survival curve showed a different death incidence after the randomization when score reached 06 points or more (p = 0.07), and a distinct incidence of combined events between the patients with score < 6 and > 6 points (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The new score was consistent for multiarterial stable coronary disease risk stratification.

FUNDAMENTO: La necesidad de mejorar la exactitud de las pruebas de estrés, determinó el desarrollo de los puntajes, cuya aplicación fue ampliamente reconocida. OBJETIVO: La evaluación pronóstica del coronariópata estable a través de un nuevo score simplificado. MÉTODOS: Un nuevo score se aplicó en 372 coronariópatas multiarteriales y función ventricular preservada, el 71,8 por ciento varones, edad media de 59,5 (± 9,07) años, randomizados para angioplastia, revascularización quirúrgica y tratamiento clínico, seguidos de cinco años. Muerte cardiovascular fue el resultado primario. El infarto de miocardio no fatal, la muerte y la re-intervención formaron el desenlace combinado secundario. El score se basó en una ecuación previamente validada resultante de la suma de 1 punto a: sexo masculino, antecedentes de infarto, angina, diabetes, uso de insulina y todavía un punto por cada década de vida después de 40 años. Prueba positiva añadida 1 punto. RESULTADOS: Hubo 36 muertes (10 en el grupo de angioplastia, 15 en el grupo de revascularización y 11 en el grupo clínico), p = 0,61. Se observó 93 eventos combinados: 37 en el grupo angioplastia, 23 en el grupo revascularización y 33 en el grupo clínico (p = 0,058). Presentaron score clínico > 5 puntos y 216 > 6 puntos 247 pacientes. El valor de corte > 5 o > 6 puntos identificó un mayor riesgo, con p = 0,015 y p = 0,012, respectivamente. La curva de sobrevida mostró una incidencia de muerte después de la aleatorización que aquellos con score > 6 puntos (p = 0,07), y una incidencia de eventos combinados diferentes entre los pacientes con score < 6 y > 6 puntos (p = 0,02). CONCLUSIÓN: El nuevo score demostró consistencia en la evaluación pronóstica del coronariópata estable multiarterial. (Arq Bras Cardiol 2011;96(5):411-419).

New prognostic score for stable coronary disease evaluation.

BACKGROUND: The need to improve the exercise testing accuracy, pushed the development of scores, whose applicability was already broadly recognized. OBJECTIVE: Prognostic evaluation of stable coronary disease through a new simplified score. METHODS: A new score was applied in 372 multivessel coronary patients with preserved ventricular function, 71.8% male, age: 59.5 (± 9.07) years old, randomized to medical treatment, surgery (CABG) or angioplasty (PTCA), with 5 years of follow-up. Cardiovascular death was considered the primary endpoint. Non-fatal myocardial infarction, death and re-intervention were considered for a combined secondary endpoint. The score was based on an equation previously validated, resulting from a sum of one point for: male gender, infarction history, angina, diabetes, insulin use and one point for each decade of life after 40 years old. Positive exercise testing summed one additional point. RESULTS: Thirty six deaths was observed (10 in group PTCA, 15 in CABG and 11 in the clinical group), p = 0.61. We observed 93 combined events: 37 in PTCA group, 23 in CABG and 33 in the clinical group (p = 0.058). 247 patients presented clinical score ≥ 5 points and 216 ≥ 6 points. The cutoff point ≥ 5 or ≥ 6 points identified higher risk, p = 0.015 and p = 0.012, respectively. The survival curve showed a different death incidence after the randomization when score reached 06 points or more (p = 0.07), and a distinct incidence of combined events between the patients with score < 6 and ≥ 6 points (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The new score was consistent for multiarterial stable coronary disease risk stratification.

Projeto MASS: resultados de um projeto temático / MASS project: findings of a themed project

O projeto MASS tem sido um marco na literatura científica em relação à avaliação da eficácia do tratamento efetivo em longo prazo na doença arteriosclerótica coronariana crônica. O impacto dos resultados do MASS tem permitido o desenvolvimento de novos estudos pelo Grupo de Coronariopatia do InCor, envolvendo uma abordagem multidisciplinar.

[Quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease: comparison between the genders]. / Qualidade de vida em portadores de doença arterial coronária: comparação entre gêneros.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the quality of life of people with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent distinct therapeutic interventions and compare the possible differences between genders. METHODS: This study comprised 542 subjects, 376 men (58.5 +/- 8.7 years) and 166 women (61.8 +/- 9.2 years), with CAD who underwent surgical, medical treatment or angioplasty. Quality of life was assessed with The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) administered at the beginning of treatment and after 6 and 12 months. The applied statistical method was the ANOVA test. RESULTS: Those who underwent surgical treatment had scores of 46, 63, 68, for physical components; 52, 65, 62 for medical treatment, and 57, 66, 70 for angioplasty, respectively, in the initial, six, and twelve months phases. For mental components, results were 58, 71, 74 for the surgical intervention; 61, 69, 69 for the medical treatment, 64, 74, 74 for angioplasty. The differences over time and between treatments reached a statistical significance (p<0.001). In comparing genders, physical component scores in men were 56*, 69, 77*, and 41*, 64, 62* in women, respectively; mental component scores in men were 61*, 73, 80* and 51*, 68, 62* in women (*p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects who underwent surgical treatment had the most favorable evolution. Men when compared to women had a better quality of life in the beginning of treatment with a progressive improvement after six and twelve months, while women, after an improvement at six months, presented a decrease at twelve.

Qualidade de vida em portadores de doença arterial coronária: comparação entre gêneros / Quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease: comparison between genders

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida em portadores de doença arterial coronária (DAC) submetidos a um dos três tratamentos: clínico, cirúrgico ou por angioplastia, comparando possíveis diferenças entre gêneros. MÉTODOS: O estudo incluiu 542 sujeitos com DAC submetidos aos tratamentos, sendo 376 homens (58,5 ± 8,7 anos) e 166 mulheres (61,8 ± 9,2 anos). O instrumento de avaliação foi o Questionário Genérico de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida (SF-36), aplicado no início do tratamento, após 6 e 12 meses. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste Anova. RESULTADOS: Em relação aos componentes físicos, o grupo cirúrgico exibiu escores de 46, 63 e 68, respectivamente, na fase inicial, 6 e 12 meses; o clínico 52, 65 e 62 e a angioplastia 57, 66 e 70. Os escores dos componentes mentais do tratamento cirúrgico foram 58, 71 e 74, do clínico 61, 69 e 69 e da angioplastia 64, 74 e 74. As diferenças foram significantes ao longo do tempo e entre tratamentos (p<0,01). Na comparação entre gêneros, notou-se que os componentes físicos nos homens apresentaram respectivamente escores 56*, 69 e 77* e nas mulheres 41*, 64 e 62*; os componentes mentais nos homens revelaram 61*, 73 e 80* e nas mulheres 51*, 68 e 62* (* p<0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Os sujeitos submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico mostraram evolução mais favorável. Os homens apresentaram melhor qualidade de vida no início, beneficiando-se progressivamente após 6 e 12 meses dos tratamentos, enquanto nas mulheres a melhora ocorreu aos 6 meses, reduzindo-se aos 12.

[Comparative study of the results of coronary artery bypass grafting and angioplasty for myocardial revascularization in patients with equivalent multivessel disease]. / Estudo comparativo dos resultados da intervenção cirúrgica e da angioplastia na revascularização do miocárdio em portadores de comprometimento multiarterial equivalente.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relative efficacy of different therapeutic strategies in patients with symptomatic multivessel coronary artery disease with preserved ventricular function. The primary objectives were defined as a combination of death of cardiac origin, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and refractory angina that required revascularization, and the secondary objectives were defined as anginal state and exercise-induced ischemia. METHODS: Of the 20,769 patients assessed on cine coronary angiography at InCor, 210 were chosen for this study and were randomized either for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG, n = 105) or transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA, n = 105). RESULTS: A mean of 3.2 +/- 0.8 vessels received anastomoses and 2.1 +/- 0.8 were successfully dilated in the CABG and TCA groups, respectively. In a 5-year follow-up, the rates of events in the CABG and TCA groups were, respectively: mortality, 9.52% and 12.38%; acute myocardial infarction, 2.85% and 8.57% (P = 0.0668); and additional intervention, 2.85% and 24.76% (P < 0.001). The survival rate was 88.39% for CABG and 84.93% for TCA; the respective AMI-free percentages were 84.40% and 77.40%. In the CABG and TCA groups, 62% and 60% of the patients had no angina, respectively. The exercise tests were considered nonischemic in 62.5% and 62.1% of the patients in the CABG and TCA groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: In multivessel patients, compared with angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting was associated with a lower incidence of long-term events and a reduced need for new interventions (P = 0.001).

Estudo comparativo dos resultados da intervenção cirúrgica e da angioplastia na revascularização do miocárdio em portadores de comprometimento multiarterial equivalente / Comparative study of the results of coronary artery bypass grafting and angioplasty for myocardial revascularization in patients with equivalent multivessel disease

OBJETIVO: Investigar a relativa eficácia de estratégias terapêuticas em pacientes com doença coronariana multiarterial sintomática, com função ventricular preservada. Os objetivos primários foram definidos com a combinação de: morte por origem cardíaca, infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) ou angina refratária que necessitasse de revascularização e, os secundários, estado anginoso e isquemia esforço-induzida. MÉTODOS: De 20.769 pacientes avaliados por cineangiocoronariografia no InCor, 210 foram escolhidos para o estudo e randomizados para revascularização miocárdica (RCM) (n=105) e angioplastia transluminal coronariana (ATC) (n=105). RESULTADOS: Média de 3,2±0,8 vasos receberam anastomoses e 2,1±0,8 foram dilatados com sucesso nos grupos RCM e ATC, respectivamente. Em cinco anos de seguimento as respectivas taxas de eventos para RCM e ATC foram: 9,52 por cento e 12,38 por cento para mortalidade, 2,85 por cento e 8,57 por cento (p=0,0668) para IAM, 2,85 por cento e 24,76 por cento (p< 0,001) para uma intervenção adicional; a taxa de sobrevivência de 88,39 por cento para RCM e de 84,93 por cento para ATC; os respectivos porcentuais livres de IAM, 84,40 e 77,40 por cento. Os pacientes estavam livres de angina em 62 por cento do RCM e 60 por cento do grupo ATC e os testes de esforço foram considerados não-isquêmicos em 62,5 por cento e 62,1 por cento, nos grupos cirúrgico e angioplastia. CONCLUSAO: Comparada com a angioplastia para pacientes multivasculares, a revascularização miocárdica foi associada a uma baixa incidência de eventos a longo prazo e reduzida necessidade de novas intervenções (p=0,001).

Detection of retained surgical sponge by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography.

We describe an unusual case of extracardiac mass in a patient who was assymptomatic and submitted to an open-chest coronary artery bypass operation 5 years previously. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed a rounded mass compressing the right atrium with a thick contour surrounding a heterogeneous center, suggestive of foreign body. Magnetic resonance imaging identified the mass as a pericardial cyst. Operation revealed a fibrinous cyst encapsulating a sponge. This case illustrates the central role of echocardiography for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected retained surgical sponges.

Coronary heart disease clinical manifestation and risk factors in Japanese immigrants and their descendents in the city of São Paulo.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a difference exists in coronary heart disease clinical manifestations and the prevalence of risk factors between Japanese immigrants and their descendents in the city of São Paulo. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of coronary artery disease clinical manifestations and the prevalence of risk factors, comparing 128 Japanese immigrants (Japanese group) with 304 Japanese descendents (Nisei group). RESULTS: The initial manifestation of the disease was earlier in the Nisei group (mean=53 years), a difference of 12 years when compared with that in the Japanese group (mean=65 years) (P<0.001). Myocardial infarction was the first manifestation in both groups (P=0.83). The following parameters were independently associated with early coronary events: smoking (OR=2.25; 95% CI=1.35-3.77; P<0.002); Nisei group (OR=10.22; 95% CI=5.64-18.5; P<0.001); and female sex (OR=5.04; 95% CI=2.66-9.52; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation of coronary heart disease in the Japanese and their descendents in the city of São Paulo was similar, but coronary heart disease onset occurred approximately 12 years earlier in the Nisei group than in the Japanese group.

Manifestaçäo clínica da doença coronariana e fatores de risco em imigrantes japoneses e seus descendentes em Säo Paulo / Coronary heart disease clinical manifestation and risk factors in Japanese immigrants and their descendents in the city of Säo Paulo

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a difference exists in coronary heart disease clinical manifestations and the prevalence of risk factors between Japanese immigrants and their descendents in the city of Säo Paulo. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of coronary artery disease clinical manifestations and the prevalence of risk factors, comparing 128 Japanese immigrants (Japanese group) with 304 Japanese descendents (Nisei group). RESULTS: The initial manifestation of the disease was earlier in the Nisei group (mean = 53 years), a difference of 12 years when compared with that in the Japanese group (mean = 65 years) (P<0.001). Myocardial infarction was the first manifestation in both groups (P = 0.83). The following parameters were independently associated with early coronary events: smoking (OR = 2.25; 95 percent CI = 1.35-3.77; P<0.002); Nisei group (OR = 10.22; 95 percent CI = 5.64-18.5; P<0.001); and female sex (OR = 5.04; 95 percent CI = 2.66-9.52; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation of coronary heart disease in the Japanese and their descendents in the city of Säo Paulo was similar, but coronary heart disease onset occurred approximately 12 years earlier in the Nisei group than in the Japanese group

Fístula coronário-cavitária após ressecçäo de mixoma atrial esquerdo vascularizado / Coronary-cavitary fistula after ressection vascularized atrial myxoma

Homem de 52 anos, portador de mixoma atrial esquerdo vascularizado, submetido a ressecçäo tumoral sem a ligadura do ramo atrial, cuja coronariografia de controle evidenciou ramo atrial pérvio e fístula coronário-cavitária no local do pedículo. A possibilidade de formaçäo destas fístulas deverá ser sempre considerada nos casos de mixoma cardíaco vascularizado